Essay --

The acceleration of string pattern matching problems in hardware has started as early as 1980 [1] with the special purpose VLSI chip used by Foster and Kung to compute an algorithm for the string pattern matching problem using systolic array architecture. The term systolic array was coined by Kung and Leiserson in 1978 at the Carnegie-Mellon University [2]. This one-dimensional array enables the acceleration of Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithms by means of computing the recursive equation in anti-diagonal flow instead of sequential flow as in a standard microprocessor. Another early study which implemented the DP algorithm on special-purpose VLSI chip was reported by Lipton and Lopresti in 1985. The sequence edit distance algorithm was implemented in the processing element and a total of 30 systolic processors were used for the acceleration of the pattern matching problem. Following that, the Princeton Nucleic Acid Comparator (P-NAC) was reported by Lopresti in 1987 [3]. This VLSI core performed DNA sequence comparisons and achieved speeds 125 times faster than a minicomputer (DEC VAX 11/785). In the early 1990s, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) were used to accelerate the algorithm using a linear systolic array. SPLASH was among the first off-the-shelf FPGA-based sequence edit distance accelerators, and was reported by Hoang and Lopresti [4]. It comprised of 24 PEs where each implemented the sequence edit distance algorithm. However, at that time FPGAs were not as competitive as they are today. Thus, other parallel architectures were developed, including the single instruction multiple data (SIMD) architectures such as micro grain array processor (MGAP) [4] in 1994, Kestrel [5] in 1996 and Fuzion [6] in 2002. These parall... ...poses a new processor array architecture for the Smith-Waterman with affine gap penalty alignment algorithm that are more efficient in speed and area than the processor array architecture of [23] specially for short query sequences. This is achieved by applying a nonlinear mapping methodology to the Smith-Waterman with affine gap penalty alignment algorithm after expressing it as Regular Iterative Algorithm (RIA). This methodology uses a data scheduling and node projection techniques to explore the systolic array architecture of the algorithm. Also, we present the hardware implementation of the processing element (PE) of the proposed systolic array structure and apply a scheduling strategy to the PE architecture in order to re-use the systolic array for the multiple pass processing of such biological sequences without requiring additional time for PE configuration.

War of 1812

Several forces led Americans to declare war on Britain in 1812. France and Britain, Europe’s two most powerful nations, had battled almost continuously since the late 1700s. Hostilities began during the French Revolution, and then continued as Britain led the efforts to stop French expansion under Napoleon I. In 1803, the continuing tension in Europe escalated into a full-scale conflict, the Napoleonic Wars. As fighting between the British and French increased, each side took steps to prevent the United States from trading with the other. The great causes of complaint against Great Britain, your committee need only say, that the United States, as a sovereign and independent Power, claim the right to use the ocean, which is the common and acknowledged highway of nations, for the purposes of transporting, in their own vessels, the products of their own soil and the acquisitions of their own industry†¦. † (Document 1). European warfare directly affected American trade and the economy. American presidents from Jefferson to Madison tried to keep the United States impartial during these conflicts, but both France and Britain completely disregarded the rights of neutral countries. Another conflict occurred in North America itself, which was clashing with a native population committed to protecting its lands from intruders. In both the North and South, the threatened tribes united to resist white infringement. They began as well to build connections with British forces in Canada and Spanish forces in Florida. Therefore, the Indian conflict on land became intertwined with the European conflict on the seas, and ultimately helped cause the War of 1812. In 1805, at the Battle of Trafalgar, the British virtually destroyed the French navy. Since France was no longer a threat to the British at sea, Napoleon designed what he called the Continental System, which closed the European continent to British trading. Napoleon also issued decrees banning British ships and neutral ships at British ports from leaving their cargoes at any European port controlled by France or its allies. The British government responded by establishing a blockade of the European coast. The blockade required that any goods being shipped to Napoleon's Europe be carried either in British vessels or in neutral vessels stopping at British ports. In the early 19th century, the United States had developed one of the most important merchant marines in the world, which controlled a large proportion of the trade between Europe and the West Indies. However, the conflicts in Europe threatened that control, because American ships were caught between Napoleon's decrees and Britain's blockade. Both of the belligerent powers were violating America's rights as a neutral nation. Yet most Americans considered the British, with their greater sea power, the worst offender, since the British vessels frequently stopped American ships on the high seas and seized sailors off the decks, making them victims of â€Å"impressment. † The British navy received low pay, had terrible ship conditions, and few volunteered. As a result, most had to be â€Å"impressed† into the service. Many deserted and emigrated to the United States to join the American merchant marine or the American navy. To justify this loss of men, the British claimed the right to stop and search American merchantmen and reimpress deserters. Public outrage over impressment grew increasingly after the incident between the American naval frigate Chesapeake and a British vessel, the Leopard. In June 1807 the Leopard approached the Chesapeake and demanded to search the ship for British deserters. The Chesapeake’s commander, James Barron, refused, and the Leopard opened fire. Numerous American sailors were killed or wounded during the attack, and the Chesapeake surrendered. When news of the Chesapeake-Leopard incident reached the United States, there was a great cry for revenge. But Jefferson and Madison tried to maintain peace. Jefferson ordered British warships to leave American waters and demanded an end to impressment. The British did make some apologies and restitution for the Chesapeake-Leopard incident, but continued to claim the right to seize American ships and inspect them for deserters. To avoid war and maintain neutrality, Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass the Embargo Act of 1807. It prohibited American ships from leaving the United States for any foreign port anywhere in the world, a policy that banned trade with Europe. British and French aggression hurt New England more than any other section of the country, but its merchants did not want to go to war with the British. Twenty out of thirty-two New England representatives voted against war with England in 1812 (Document 5). Britain was the region's most important trading partner, and the profits were extremely important. The Embargo was a growing political problem, and Jefferson decided to back down. A few days before leaving office, he approved a bill ending the embargo with what he called â€Å"peaceable coercion. † Consequently, Congress replaced it in 1809 with the Non-Intercourse Act, which forbade trade only with France and Britain. This measure was also overturned in 1810 by Macon's Bill No. 2, which reopened American commerce with all nations, but authorized the President to prohibit commerce with either belligerent if it should continue violating neutral shipping. In an effort to force the United States to reimpose the Embargo against Britain, Napoleon announced that France would no longer interfere with American shipping. Madison announced that an embargo against Great Britain alone would automatically go into effect early in 1811 unless Britain renounced its restrictions on American shipping. This new embargo persuaded England to repeal its blockade of Europe. Nonetheless, the repeal came too late to prevent war. As stated by Congressman John Calhoun, â€Å"The question†¦ is reduced to this single point-which shall we do, abandon or defend our own commercial and maritime rights, and the personal liberties of our citizens employed in exercising them? These rights are essentially attacked, and more is the only means of redress†¦. I know of one principle to make a nation great†¦ and that is to protect every citizen in the lawful pursuit of his business†¦. Protection and patriotism are reciprocal†¦ if [the British] persist in such daring insult and injury to [the United States], it will be bound in honor and interest to resist. † (Document 2). Did the United States actually have a choice other than to resort to war? Western and southern representatives in Congress, most notably Henry Clay of Kentucky and John Caldwell Calhoun of South Carolina, led a pro-war faction that became known as the War Hawks. They argued that British officers from Canada were encouraging Native American peoples to rebel against the United States. For many years, frontiersmen had fought interior tribes with little help from the federal government. The War Hawks now felt they could enlist federal aid against Native Americans and their British allies by supporting a war to stop British interference with American trade on the seas. In addition, the War Hawks wanted to acquire more land. The United States could seize the territories of Canada and Florida in a war with Great Britain. Thus, representatives from the South and the Western Frontier voted strongly in favor of war with Great Britain (Document 5). Since the American Revolution, the United States had been provoked by the failure of the British to withdraw from American territory along the Great Lakes. Their backing of the Indians on America's frontiers and their unwillingness to sign commercial agreements favorable to the United States also upset Americans. Ever since the Revolution most Indians had continued to look to England for protection. The British in Canada, for their part, had relied on the Indians as partners in the lucrative fur trade. The 1807 war crisis following the Chesapeake-Leopard incident revived the conflict between Indians and white settlers. This conflict involved William Henry Harrison and Tecumseh. Harrison was an advocate of development in the western lands. Jefferson offered the Indians a choice: they could convert themselves into settled farmers and become a part of white society, or they could migrate west of the Mississippi. In either case, they would have to give up their claims to their tribal lands in the Northwest. The separate tribes were helpless by themselves against the power of the United States so the British authorities in Canada were willing to help. This further enraged Americans and led to war. There were several circumstances and events, which led to the War of 1812. Britain continually violated America’s rights as a neutral nation. It created a blockade. It also established a policy of impressments. In addition, the British incited the Indians to attack Americans for western territory. The United States continually tried to remain neutral. However, according to Hugh Nelson of Virginia,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to demonstrate to the world†¦ that the people of these states were united, one and indivisible†¦ to show that our republican government was competent to assert its rights, to maintain the interests of the people, and to repel all foreign aggression†¦ My conduct as your representative has been regulated entirely by these great and important considerations. † (Document 7). This clearly shows that war was inevitable. It was important that for once we as a country came together and asserted ourselves as a unified nation.

Only in Vegas

Replicated natural wonders of the world, indoor man-made waterfalls, simulated pirate ship battles, a dolphin habitat, and indoor gondola rides are a few of the small attractions that place modern day Las Vegas as a hotspot on the US map. In fact, there are so many small attractions blended with large attractions that the experience of Las Vegas itself has become an attraction. Disregarding traditional methods and exploring outrageous ideas in the areas of engineering, architecture, and planning, this city has become a very accepted destination that has become a marketing phenomenon.For a city that is in the middle of nowhere, it has a made quite an impression on the people it draws. It is no surprise that this city has had a history of prosperity and boom. The first main draw of the area known as Las Vegas was water. Water was not in over abundance compared to other cities, but the mere presence of spring water was a marvel for that region of the Mojave Desert. In the late 1820†™s, explorers on the Old Spanish Trail went into unexplored areas searching for the very thing that area known Las Vegas had to offer them, water.Water in the area had produced vegetation, and Las Vegas apparently flourished with it. The presence of water positioned Las Vegas on the map of the Old Spanish Trail. It shortened the path between Santa Fe and Los Angeles, and became a marked location on this increasingly traveled route. This area is repeatedly referred to as an oasis: Las Vegas was named accordingly, as its meaning in Spanish is â€Å"The Meadows. † Minerals were rich in the area, and according to local government history, Mining began in the late 1800’s.This, the railroad boom in the 1900’s, and a man name William Clark led to railroads being placed through the prime spot of Las Vegas because of its location between Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, the climate of the general area, and of course, its abundance of water and vegetation among the vast desert. Railroads required workers, and workers required the usual: a place to sleep, eat, and of course, drink and seek entertainment. This led to the earliest of saloons and markets, building toward a city.According to the City of Las Vegas government, â€Å"Las Vegas was founded as a city on May 15, 1905, when 110 acres of land situated between Stewart Avenue on the north, Garces Avenue to the south, Main Street to the west, and 5th Street (Las Vegas Boulevard) to the east, are auctioned off. † This auction allowed for more relocation of people into the town. â€Å"In 1911 a gas plant, power company, and telephone system were projected† (Durnke 263). Las Vegas was starting to grow. â€Å"The modern attitude of Las Vegas, along with the rest of the American West, favors more exclusiveness.In March, 1909, the Las Vegas Promotion Society was organized at a citizens' meeting attended by fifty persons at the Opera House. ‘ Its purpose, as stated in the opening res olutions, was to make known Las Vegas' resources and to encourage new enterprises and industries† (Durnke 264). Shortly after, a city government was formed, and railroads and mining continued. Later, in 1931, construction of the Hoover Dam began and led to a further influx of workers. The population was estimated according to Clark County records to stand around 8000 between the period of the completion of the Hoover Dam in 1935 and 1940.Water, convenience, and work led people into this city prior to 1931. Later, with World War II under way, many military installations were established in the desert due to its attractive resources, including its low-priced energy available from the Hoover Dam. Defense industry was started, and a further opportunity for workers emerged. After the war was over, the post industrial society took advantage of the amenities offered by Las Vegas, and the entrepreneurs did the same. Gambling had previously been around in many states. It managed to rec eive a discerning reputation in the public eye. There were moral issues, and scandals involved.States were hot and cold with respect to certain types of gaming and lotteries; this eventually led to prohibition in 1910. Nevada officially legalized gambling in 1931. This was at the time when the construction of the Hoover Dam began. Nevada capitalized on the expected tourism that the Hoover Dam would bring. They capitalized very well. Entrepreneurs saw the enormous returns on gambling as a great opportunity to develop casino and hotels. They did just that, and followed an immediate boom in tourism, especially from California, where gambling was illegal, but the desire to do so was very prominent.Profits from gambling funded the elaborate themes and designs of Las Vegas attractions. Service industries arose from their inevitable need, and the marketing of Las Vegas was underway. Tourism became the niche that Las Vegas acquired. In fact, the number of tourists according to the 2009 Exec utive Summary was just under 36. 5 Million in 2009, down 3% from 2008. This small drop in tourism appears to have been heavily due to decreases early in the 2009 year, and has actually risen in the past 4 months of 2009. While tourism has risen since 2000, the population has risen as well.In 2000, according to the US Government Census, the population for Las Vegas and the surrounding metropolitan areas was over 1. 3 million and it is estimated that the 2008 population was over 1. 8 million. In the City alone, the 2000 population was 478,434 compared to the 2008 estimate of 558,383. Tourism is the main focus of Las Vegas, and it has had problems along with solutions to ensure that tourism remains high. One of the largest problems with Las Vegas was not that tourism was very high, but extremely seasonal and high at only peak times. Las Vegas used a superior marketing strategy that ensured its survival in the non-peak season.The Las Vegas Convention Center was built to attract visitors during these seasons of slow times. This ensured services offered by businesses a year round opportunity. The attempt to build consistency was a success. Many factors allowed for the convention center to become an ideal site for conventions and seminars. Among these were the desire to be in Las Vegas, the climate, landscape, incentives, inexpensive flights, rooms and convenience of transportation. This strategy to maximize occupancy year round has led to an 81. 5% occupancy rate year round in 2009 alone.Furthermore, having consistent visitors has allowed Las Vegas to offer permanent entertainment and resident performers. This has additionally furthered tourism. Another problem that Las Vegas has encountered is the deterioration of its downtown. Las Vegas was built on money and ideas, as long as both are around, newer and better things will come. â€Å"In he nearly 50 years since Bugsy Siegel built the Flamingo Casino, Las Vegas has indeed become a place unlike anything ever seen b efore- a city relentlessly reinventing itself as a caricature of itself, constantly trying to out-Vegas Vegas† (Goodman 91).This was apparent in the downtown of Las Vegas and something needed to be done about it. The Freemont Street Experience was introduced, and brought some life back to downtown. â€Å"In a further attempt to conquer the elements, a 100ft-high-canopy, called the ‘celestial vault’ has been erected over the city’s main street as part of a downtown revitalization project† (Goodman 88) This revitalization is a strategy to attract more attention back to this area. Cheaper rates in different areas have allowed Las Vegas to target all groups of people based on income.They have more recently targeted the college crowd for spring break. â€Å"‘We've been getting a relatively younger crowd down here on Fremont Street because they're beginning to discover we're here,’ said Golden Gate owner Mark Brandenburg. ‘The Fremont S treet Experience is pretty much an all-night party scene with free light shows, music entertainment and it's really an attractive place for spring break’† (Hillgrove 1). More recently, in the past few years, Las Vegas has drawn a more significant of spring breakers than other years. Las Vegas is currently the top destination for travel booked through Travelocity's site, pulling in 9 percent of the tickets booked on Travelocity for March 14 through April 26. In February, Travelocity named Las Vegas one of the ‘Top Eight Value Destinations for Spring Break,’ citing a 5 percent drop in average airfare and a 34 percent drop in average daily room rates from last year. † (1) Much of the downtown area offers these low rates in an attempt to build occupancy and remain open. Downtown is not the boom that it once was, but it remains open and has more plans in the future to continue to do so.It is just one example nationwide what happens to older areas, when bet ter planned modern areas are given the opportunity to develop. â€Å"The next generation of architects would do well to look beyond themed architecture and ironic formalism and to examine the story unfolding behind the neon light. We need to think of our cities not as hollow shells, good only a settings for marketing a fictionalized past, but as places where we can build centers of prosperity for a real future and real people† (Goodman 94).It will be very interesting to see what is in store for the downtown area in the future. Las Vegas does not have as many urbanization problems as one would initially expect for a city with tourism exceeding 36 Million visitors per year. This is probably due to the numerous amounts of suburbs in conjunction with the numerous amounts of ongoing projects. They face problems that any city would face with a large amount of tourism, but they successfully have the money to tend to most immediate problems, or they have accepted them as a way of lif e.According to the 2009 Executive Summary, Clark County had gaming revenues of almost 9 Billion Dollars last year, with just over 6 Billion from the strip and downtown Las Vegas. Apparently the only problems are those that can’t be immediately fixed with money. Ironically, the same thing that the early explorers sought this land for is the same thing that may be its next problem. Water shortage has become an issue due to the large growth of the city. It is estimated that the city and suburbs will reach over 2 million permanent residents by 2020. To meet the looming water crunch, the city, along with the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), proposes to build a 285-mile pipeline to haul groundwater from six valleys in eastern Nevada. The $2 billion project would mean sinking up to 195 production wells as deep as 1700 ft. below the surface to bring more than 50 billion gallons of water per year to the parched desert metropolis† (Hutchinson 1). This has been causing a de bate, and seems to be the biggest problem facing the city at the moment.The question will be whether pumping the water from the ground will be their best solution, or if it will see more heated debate. It seems that water may be the most valuable resource to the west in the near future. It will be interesting to see how a city this size will continue to grow with water shortages, and what lengths the city will go to for the purpose of ensuring this water supply. The city of Las Vegas has much to offer the rest of the world, and is very significant. It is well known across the world due to major publications, events, and movies that are based in Las Vegas.It is a place that can be easily recognized by its elaborate design, luminescent skyline of gorgeous hotels, and distinctive architecture. Las Vegas has set many trends and standards for gourmet dining, intricate theme based settings, and attractive shows. It sites â€Å"14 of the nations 15 largest hotels† according to the C lark County Government, and is also a very popular place to have anything from an inexpensive and quick wedding to one fit for a queen. It really is known as a place where anything can happen.Many other States have used the model of Las Vegas to design certain areas of their cities. The gaming model for instance has shown to be successful, and many new towns are opening up to lotteries and casinos simply to issue jobs and retain wealth for the education and the state and city. Ohio is an example of one of these recent candidates. This model is not only hoping to create jobs, but also influence and expansion of other service industries that can produce income and stimulate the local economies. Las Vegas is home of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, also known as UNLV.Las Vegas lies only 30 minutes from the Hoover Dam, a little over an hour to the Mojave National Preserve, 2 hours to Death Valley National Park, 3 hours to the south cove of Lake Mead, only 4 hours to Los Angeles, and roughly 6 hours to either the Grand Canyon National Park or Phoenix. If you are looking for an adventure, Las Vegas is a great hub to make the first stop on your excursion. Las Vegas is a city thriving on tourism built by money and gambling, but offers much more beyond the realm of casinos. It is an experience. I choose this city because it represents freedom and exploration in a natural form.One can go to Las Vegas and explore freely all it has to offer. One can explore not only the city, but the vast desert around with amazing national attractions waiting miles away. It is a way to experience the west in a fun and comfortable environment with so much perfection and beauty. I have experienced many trips to Las Vegas, and each was unique. I have taken trips for wilderness and exploration, others strictly for music or entertainment. I have gone on business; I have gone to visit friends and socialize. I have learned something about myself and loved it and every time.

Making Effective Workplace Decisions Essay

,.,decision making – nerovivo Steps outlined in this article will help you to determine if you’re making, or that you have made, the right decision about a pending issue. Do you ever wonder how to know that you’re making, or that you have made, the right decision? Decisions are an important of lives. Every day, we make decisions in our home life and work life that will impact our future. That is why having the skills to make good, solid decisions is important. This article outlines a 6 Step Process that will help you to make wise and confident decisions. The objective of making a decision is to choose your best alternative – based on the facts provided – that will lead to a productive end result. These steps will help anyone (at home, school or in business) that has to make decisions. They can be applied when making any decision at any time, from the start of the problem-solving process to the finishing stages of implementing the course of action. Step 1: Identify the problem Read This Next * Workplace Stress and the Decision Making Process * Website Design Trends * Five Steps for Effective Problem Solving in the Workplace A problem can be identified as a difficult issue that needs to be resolved. Quite possibly, failure to resolve the issue could lead to additional, more crucial issues. Most problems in business exist in the form of a statement or a question. For example, a statement problem in might be â€Å"Choose the best vendor to match our product budget.† Likewise, a question problem might be â€Å"What type of product should we develop?† For both types of problems, several sets of conclusions may be derived. Each one making a different impact. When you understand exactly what the problem is, you can use sound judgment to render a decision. Step 2: Determine who should be involved During the first stages of the decision-making process, you should determine who should be involved. This lets you know whether or not the problem would best be solved by forming a team to examine the facts. If so, the team can make recommendations based on those facts. Decisions in the workplace are commonly done as a team. It can be a powerful way to make efficient and expedient progress. The greatest benefit is the combination of talent and creativity that exists when joining heads. When everyone contributes to effective brainstorming, the ideas are compared and different perspectives are examined. A team is far more likely to discover more creative and innovative solutions than one would individually. Step 3: Evaluate the alternatives When you evaluate the alternatives, consider how the making the decision (or even not making the decision) is going to impact any future objectives. Here’s an example: An employee asks a manager for permission to work from home a few days a week. The manager is pondering impact of this decision on the rest of your staff. Things to consider are whether or not the workload can be done from home, and whether the same permission can be granted to the other employees. Some possible alternatives could be as simple as shortening the workday on Fridays. To do this, the manager could require that the employees, as a team, meet certain stated objectives during the week in order to work fewer hours on Friday. This example shows how a decision that, at first, seems to be related to only one person, is in fact a catalyst for impacting the entire department. Step 4: Examine the pros and cons What are the positive and negative results associated with the decision and the related alternatives. For example: There is a question of whether or not to launch a new product at this time. Doing so could put the company ahead of the competition by at least 6 months. However, there could be a problem with quality if the production is rushed. There hasn’t been enough testing and documentation, so quality assurance is moderate at best. The benefit is that you’re outshining the competition, but the risk is that the company could suffer scrutiny for putting out a faulty, non-tested product. Step 5: Making the final decision A large part of making the final decision will be your ability to address the needs of the organization. There will be short-term needs and long-term needs. What are the expectations of the company administrators? The final decision should be in line with the company goals and objectives. In other words, the final decision has to be supported by a solid purpose. Consider this: You don’t make a decision that will cut production by half, if the original mission (purpose) was to increase sales by 30%. Be sure that your choice is based on more on company vision, rather than personal opinion. Narrow your information down to what is vitally important making the decision. For any decision that you make today, always consider the impact that it will make on future Read more at Suite101: Making Effective Workplace Decisions | Suite101.com http://roslyn-johnson.suite101.com/making-effective-workplace-decisions-a358141#ixzz1nnl02Xob

Why Is Job Analysis Important Personal Statement

Why Is Job Analysis Important - Personal Statement Example There has to be an identified need in the organization that will have to be fulfilled through the recruitment efforts. (Williams, 2002, p. 40) A job analysis is the most important tool that is used by an organization in order to identify this gap that it has to fulfill. A job analysis is, therefore, the process in which the HR department identifies a vacancy to be filled and all the important components of that vacancy. It identifies the vacancy, the needed skills to work effectively in that vacancy, the work components and tools needed the factor to consider when appraising the performance of that job, and many other components. A job analysis is, therefore, a full description of the job that acts as the guide in the recruitment and selection proceeds. It lays about all the important aspects of the job that can be used to benchmark the suitability of the candidates for the job. A job analysis is not only important in the recruitment and selection process but it is also important in the future. All these important components that are needed in the performance of certain job can all be obtained from the job analysis. A job analysis is will be able to capture the important components in a job which enables the selection process to identify the needed skills from a suitable candidate to fill a job vacancy. A job analysis is will, therefore, be an important tool in the recruitment and selection exercise. It will provide an organization with insight into the qualities that are needed in a candidate to fill that particular job vacancy.

Agriculture Policy in Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Agriculture Policy in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The Saudi government also embarked on a water impounding projects so as to get the full use of the four inches of rain they receive annually. Water is also obtained from deep wells and desalinization projects the main goals of this is to provide sufficient water for agriculture, industrial uses and also clean water for consumption by humans, Hence wastewater is treated and used for industrial and agricultural purposes and this has greatly helped in the transformation of deserts into fertile farmland. These desalinization plants have been put up to produce fresh water from the sea for industrial and urban use hence freeing up other sources of water for agricultural purposes. Dams have also been set up to trap seasonal floods. Agricultural research stations have also been set up by the government to aid the farmers figure out ways to adopt and improve their farming methods into the harsh desert climate (Daryll E Ray 2005).Apart from the ministry of agriculture other government agencies like the Saudi Arabian Agricultural Bank (SAAB), grants interest free loans, disburses subsidies. The grain silos and flour mills organization that buys and store wheat.The private sector has also come in and partnered with the government of Saudi Arabia to play in a big role in the offering of long term interest free loans, free seeds and fertilizer, technical and support services to the farmers, low cost fuel, electricity and water and the duty free imports of raw materials and machinery.

Business Proposal for a Partnership Firm Assignment

Business Proposal for a Partnership Firm - Assignment Example The assignment "Business Proposal for a Partnership Firm" discusses the organizational structure and the management team of Millimeters which is supposed to be a partnership firm with three partners involved in it. They would hold the managerial positions in three separate departments and would work as full-time employees of the company. Luz having experience in the field of procurement and budgeting would be responsible for the same. Christopher having experience in the field of operations management would be responsible for the daily operations and management of the company. The daily scheduling activities related to the store and the future requirements for the store, all would be managed by Johnathan. Apart from these three, other staffs would assist them in their job. The company would also hire specialists in each field of services that are supposed to be offered by the company. There are no significant weaknesses of the company regarding the technical knowledge and relevant business activities that are required to be performed to run the company successfully. However, the three owners of the company being new in this field of running a home improvement store business can prove to be disadvantageous for the company in managing its resources effectively and efficiently. In due course of time, this deficiency could be overcome easily through increased knowledge of running the business. A well-constructed personnel plan has been developed for the company to help in running the business efficiently.... Personnel Plan A well-constructed personnel plan has been developed for the company to help in running the business efficiently. The three owners of the company, apart from getting a share in the profits of the company will also receive remuneration for their respective managerial functions being conducted in the company. The personnel plan has been as such that it would include the three managers in the form of its owners, on cashier would be handling all business matters concerned with cash inflows and outflows of the company. Initially there would be four specialists meant for four different services to be offered by the company initially and they would be on-duty at all times during the business hours. The supporting staffs and workers would total around 8 to 10, working on an average every day. The personnel plan constructed for the company has been summarized in the table give below (Table - 1). It includes the first five years’ forecasted figures regarding the salaries and wages of the employees of the company. Table – 1 (Personnel Plan) Â   Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Luz Angela Lopez 50,000 55,000 60,000 65,000 65,000 Christopher Mong 45,000 50,000 55,000 60,000 60,000 Johnathan Douglass 40,000 45,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 Specialists 100,000 125,000 150,000 175,000 200,000 Cashier 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 Others 10,000 11,000 12,100 13,310 14,641 Total Payroll 265,000 297,000 339,200 376,620 404,282 Total Personnel 15 18 20 22 22 Financial Analysis Seating up of the About Millimeters business concern would require a significant amount of investment initially. The major portion of this initial funding would be borne by the three owners of the company.