Principles of Management - 2084 Words

Chapter 1: 1. Developing employee skills is a challenge in almost any environment. What type of skills needs to be mostly developed for EMAL trainees? * Technical skills. 2. Once those employees progress in their careers and get promoted, what kind of skills would be needed? * Human skills the most and less of technical and conceptual skills. 3. Go to the Emirates Aluminum Website at www.emal.ae. What can you tell about the company’s emphasis on people and their careers? How does the company emphasize the hiring of local, in addition to international, talents? * The company takes a special care of its employees and makes a lot of effort to improve their human powers by training. The company focuses on†¦show more content†¦How do you think new employees â€Å"learn† the culture? * The happiest people in this culture would be those employees who like serving the clients of this organization. The new employees can learn this culture by watching their colleges at work doing the job, or by special training. 4. What could other organizations learn from the Ritz-Carlton about the importance of organizational culture? * Other organizations can learn from Ritz how to keep the same high quality of outcomes and also maintaining the freedom and the happiness the employee has. Chapter 4: 1. Do you think the example of Maktoob can be repeated in the Arab world? Can locally grown companies become attractive to global industry giants or was Maktoob exception? * Yes, I think the example of Maktoob can be repeated because there are a lot of other local companies who I think other international companies will be interested to work with Arabs. 2. What does it take, in your opinion, for the Arab employees to join the global work community? What skills and traits need to be developed? * To join the global work community Arab employees need to reach a high level of skill to be able to work with the international pressure. He skills that employees need to achieve to go globally are their working skills and the ability to communicate and understand other cultures. 3. Do some research on Yahoo’s acquisition of Maktoob. What lessons can beShow MoreRelatedPrinciples of Scientific Management1149 Words   |  5 PagesScientific Management is a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Its development began with Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s within the manufacturing industries. Taylor was an American mechanical engineer and a management consultant in his later years. He is often calledRead MoreThe Principles Of Scientific Management1337 Words   |  6 Pagesa century ago, Frederick Winslow Taylor’s renowned work The Principles of Scientific Management set forth a theory that to this day is subjected to a similar degree of critique and debate to that in the early 20th century. While Taylor’s ideas were evidently influenced by the works of earlier researchers, it is he who is credited as the â€Å"father† of the scientific management movement (Jeacle, 2004, p. 1164). As such, scientific management itself is synonymous with Taylor to the extent that it is commonlyRead MoreThe Principles Of Scientific Management2994 Words   |   12 PagesIntroduction Good management can be defined as the optimal use of available resources to increase an organisation s efficiency and effectiveness in meeting its objectives (Garg, 2013). Scientific management has been the dominant model for many years, but its usefulness for meeting modern organisational challenges may be limited. This paper examines the principles of scientific management, the degree to which it is applied in contemporary organisations, its utility for addressing modern challengesRead MoreThe Principles of Scientific Management and Its Applications in Modern Day Organizations2456 Words   |  10 PagesThe Principles of Scientific Management and its Applications in Modern Day Organizations Introduction Managers have been continuously trying to figure out the best way to manage the workplace since the start of the industrial revolution. The goal is to maximize production output and minimize cost therefore getting maximized profit while still keeping workers happy and motivated. Different methods have been introduced and tested. But perhaps one of the most influential and popular ideas in managementRead MorePrinciples of Management1252 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Project Principles of Management SWOT Interestingly enough, there are different levels of overlap between my SWOT analysis, and those provided to me by others. There is not a consistent characteristic that appears in every single SWOT, but certain characteristics appear in two or three. The most common strengths that appeared in the SWOTs were leadership, charisma, and empathy. When I was answering the strengths section of the self SWOT, I thought others mentioned generosity, listening andRead MoreThe Principles Of Knowledge Management Principles1200 Words   |  5 PagesKnowledge Management Principles The twelve Knowledge Management Principles are aimed at leading individuals to apply key Army principles to their decisions and incorporate them into the actions that they undertake. Out of these twelve principles, the two that appear to be the most critical would be the first and third principles, which apply to the training of leaders, managers, and champions on knowledge management principles and creating an environment in which collaboration can occur on the basisRead MorePrinciple of Management1020 Words   |  5 Pagesskills. The assignment will be graded using the following rubric: Outcomes Assessed  · Explain the principle theories of leadership and motivation, and describe the fundamental considerations in managing and motivating individual and group behavior.  · Use technology and information resources to research issues in management. Grading Rubric for Assignment # 2 – â€Å"Hewitt-Packard Company† Criteria 0 Unacceptable 20 Developing 30 Read MorePrinciples of Management2076 Words   |  9 Pagespowers by training. The company focuses on balancing between local hiring and international hiring to rise the probability of getting talented and hard workers. Chapter 2: 1. Mr.Hamdoun is a big advocate of efficiency. How might principles of scientific management be useful to LCB? - two of the three scientific methods are the most useful to Mr.Hamdoun. 1. Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment. 2. Having a standardized method of doing the job. 2. How mightRead MorePrinciples of Management1306 Words   |  6 Pagesthere for a little over a year, I wanted to ask these questions. Not to see how different managers felt about specific employees, but to get an overall view of how their jobs as managers directly affected each and everyone s job performance. Management is a science of how an individual works with a group of people, oversees their performance, and tries to effectively and efficiently get them to exceed the goals set forth by the company. It is a science that has guidelines and rules to followRead MorePrinciple of Management1397 Words   |  6 Pagesdecision-making: 1) Persuasive Democratic Management The leader will makes the decision first and then convinces the employees that he or she has made the right decision. 2) Consultative Democratic Management   It is involved in group decision-making and leadership to make the final decision. Autocratic Style Autocratic style is means one individual has the authority to make all important decisions for a group or people. There are two types of autocratic management: 1) Directive autocrat Directive

Girl in Hyacinth Blue by Susan Vreeland Essay - 2461 Words

Girl in Hyacinth Blue by Susan Vreeland Overview In eight quasi-connected stories, Susan Vreeland delivers a fictional lesson on aesthetics. Set amidst human sorrow and historic chaos, the narrative follows an imagined Vermeer painting from the present day through 330 years of its provenance--beginning with its willful destruction in the 1990s and concluding with its inspired creation in the 1660s: Chapter 1. 1995(?): in Pennsylvania, math teacher Cornelius Englebrecht burns the painting in his fireplace; 1942: in Amsterdam, from the Vredenburg home, German soldier Otto Engelbrecht loots the painting, hides it, and absconds with it to America. Chapter 2. 1940: in Amsterdam, diamond merchant Sol Vredenburg buys the painting for†¦show more content†¦Can you say why some fail to work as well as others? 3. The original title for the opening chapter was Love Burning. What additional textual evidence exists to affirm the paintings destruction by Cornelius? Do you think that Cornelius makes a morally correct decision when he burns the picture? Do you think that Richard ought to have stepped in to save it? 4. In A Night Different From All Other Nights, Hannah slaughters the familys pet pigeons. Why and for whom does Hannah destroy these pets? How is the death of the pigeons related to the Amsterdam setting? In what way is the familys celebration of Passover relevant to this story? Would a different Jewish holiday, say Chanukah, have had the same symbolic value? 5. Why do you think that Digna sews samplers, in Adagia, embedded with quotations by Erasmus? You might want to discuss Erasmus, and the part this Dutch Renaissance humanist plays in the drama going on between this 19th century husband and wife? 6. The Hyacinth Blue chapter is written in the first person and in a vastly different style from that of the other chapters. Authors often use the first person point of view to expose an unreliable narrator. In what way is Claudines account of these events unreliable? In other words, what part or parts of the story does she fail to understand? Why do you think that Vreeland chose to tell Claudines story from that characters limited point of view? 7. In the

Adding to the Quilt free essay sample

I went down to the dining room for dinner. The aroma of freshly prepared sausage, rolls, baked potatoes, and mixed vegetables filled the air. A typical family dinner. However, I enjoyed this meal, not at home, but with my German host family. â€Å"Komm,† said my host mother, â€Å"Abendessen ist fertig.† In English, this means, â€Å"Come. Dinner is finished†, meaning ready to eat. I gladly took my seat to enjoy the meal with the Van Heusdens. My exchange partner, Anabel, is the oldest of three siblings. Her brothers are Pieter and Vincent. Pieter helped make the sausage, or Wurst, while Anabel and her mother prepared the broccoli, carrots, and other vegetables. During my three weeks in the Van Heusden home, I enjoyed many meals like this. However, I not only learned about German traditions and customs. I learned more about people in general. Not only did I live with my host family, but I accompanied them to visit their relatives in Belgium, and I went to school with Anabel. We will write a custom essay sample on Adding to the Quilt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I lived their life. Another girl from the exchange and I prepared a presentation on American Nursery Rhymes, which we later presented to German schoolchildren in the fourth and fifth grade. The children enjoyed learning the rhymes and recognized many of them, since there are German equivalents. However, the most enlightening part of my trip came after we presented. â€Å"Does anyone have any questions for us?† I asked. Some of the children’s questions surprised us. â€Å"Do you like shopping?† â€Å"What do you do for fun?† â€Å"What is school like in America?† â€Å"Do you go to New York City a lot?† These were just a few of their questions, and I struggled to answer them. I looked to my partner, but she did not know how to reply either. â€Å"It’s kind of the same as here,† I answered weakly. I really could not see any drastic differences between my life in America and my life in Germany. The German school system differs a bit given the hour gaps – and sometimes longer between classes. Such gaps are called pauses in the school day, during which many students eat lunch or enjoy other small snacks. However, this does not affect the material taught. Students in Germany still learn math, science, English, German, and other subjects, such as art and music, as we do in the United States. Beyond superficial differences, such as food, fashion, and language, I do not see many differences between Germans and Americans. In Germany, I spent time with friends, as I do here in the United States. Teenagers had homework to do, or they would fail. Children dreamed of careers. Parents went off to work for the day. Some teenagers held part time jobs. Most students worked hard in school to prepare for their future. Coming back from my trip, I started to think, maybe people are more alike than different. Overall, we all like to be happy, and we all know people we care about. We all like to have a good time with others. Of course, everyone is not exactly alike. If this were the case, the world would be dull. Different cultures and traditions create unique individuals, but there are many similarities among people from all backgrounds. If people all over the world tried to understand each other’s differences and customs, there is a possibility we would discover more similarities than differences among us. People and their cultures are like a quilt. Each fabric square represents a unique culture, but all the squares are stitched together to form an exquisite quilt. People from all over the world create this ensemble. While cultures all have their own customs in regard to food, music, and celebrations, a mutual interest keeps us all connected. Many of us share common goals, hobbies, and values that we are not aware of until we examine them. The fabric of individual cutlure gives variety to the world. Different textures and shapes beautify the world. The thread of life connects the â€Å"squares† and creates a dynamic world. Some people like to see our differences more than our similarities because of where we grew up and the customs we were brought up with. Of course, differences maintain diversity. However, if we discover common interests, we could all get along better because we will better understand each other. Therefore, instead of ripping the threads of the world apart, we should try to preserve the beautiful quilt we live on. We should embrace our differences and make connections to help us all understand each other. Also, let us look to add new fabric squares to our world quilt to make it more beautiful and more representative of the world’s variety. Each â€Å"square† provides more stories and tales to add to an intricate quilt. Learning more about each other will help us discover what we share with others and help us form bonds. If it were not for my experiences abroad, I do not know if I would have fully understood the importance of recognizing the similarities between individual people and groups of people. We all have our own stories, experiences, cultures, families, and friends to contribute to this world. We could relate to one another if we just took the time to see the ways we are already connected.

Personal Identity free essay sample

In life there will be many of challenges, you just have to be the stronger person and fight it through. There will be many people trying to get in your way of success; first thing you have to do is find yourself. If you know yourself can’t no one tell you what your not capable of. It took me awhile to actually find out the person I was. There were many of challenges I came across and didn’t succeed. Everything takes time, you have to tell yourself that you can and will be anything you want to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Identity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Growing up I didn’t know what I wanted to be in the future, I changed my mind over a million times. When you’re a kid you have the biggest dreams and you see yourself with the biggest future, not knowing what you have to do in order to get to the place you want to be. I am the youngest of the 4 of my mothers kids, being that im the youngest I have the most guidance because it was passed down to me from the older kids. I respect everybody because that’s what I would want in return. You have to find yourself before you can work on anything, you have to know how far you can go. Life itself is about finding yourself, putting yourself in the position to succeed. As a child life for myself was great, I wouldn’t say I was silvered spooned or nothing. Growing up my mother was a single mother but she was a great one. She provided everything for me, we we’re pretty wealthy. When I was a child I knew my place. Everything I know I was taught by pretty much everyone. When something wasn’t right I always had to get a second opinion from some I had a billion teachers; I would walk up to a complete stranger and ask them something that I didn’t know the answer to just to hear the opinion from someone else. In life things don’t come easy; you have to work for everything you want in order to succeed. As you may have figured out, yes I am the baby of my family. My mom has 2 sons and 2 daughters. I look up to each and every one of them. My older brother is 29 he’s a successful probation officer, my 22 year old brother has joined the navy, and my 30 year old sister is a registered nurse. My mom is a construction worker at one of the biggest refineries in the state of Texas. Being the baby has its highs and its lows, I like that I am the baby because  when I need to know certain answers to things I can just ask one of my siblings and I know they will give me some of the best answers. Being that I am the baby I’m super spoiled, I pretty much get whatever I want. Elementary to me was the best stages of school, because it starts you off. I was new to everything and learned faster than the other students. Elementary students love to color, but I didn’t I loved reading and writing. People would call me weird because of that, but that’s just what I enjoyed to do. Things didn’t start getting rough until middle school; this is where everyone grew up and want to experience new things. I stayed on the right track and it was very had to influence me to do something that wasn’t right, that’s just what made me so different from everyone. My teachers in middle school did everything they could to prepare me for high school. They said they knew I would make it to become successful so they taught me everything they could. Dancing literally is my life; I’ve been dancing since I was 2. Ballet, Jazz, Hip-Hop, and modern dance were my specialty. High school is when everything literally mattered to me, I was involved in everything. Track, the dance team captain, I ran track, I even played softball. I pretty much got involved with anything that would keep me out of trouble and on the right track. In high school everyone gets excited, because you are actually getting ready to follow your goals. You wait all this time to do what you actually want to do in your career field. 9th grade was pretty difficult because everything is new, you experience everything new. I remember staying up all night writing long essay, because my English teacher was one of the hardest teachers. I took all advance placement classes, these classes get you prepared for college great. In the 11th grade I was already use to the feeling of having to more work than others, because of my placement. By 12th grade I was ranked number 5 in my entire class, that was a wonderful feeling knowing all my hard work paid off. Just being able to see my family so proud of me was the best feeling in the world. Everything felt right my dream finally came true I was really getting ready to graduate and go off to college. I didn’t attend college soon as I graduated from high school, I wait a semester and worked at the public library. To get feeling of the college life, I didn’t want to get there and be completely lost. I thank everyone who believed in me today and actually helped me make it to the person I am today. I have people looking up to me and it would hurt me if I let them down, I will be successful.

Free Essays on Play Review

The play â€Å"in the blood† opened on a note of bitter scorn through all characters except for the main. The play consisted of six characters that all but one flipped flopped from being children to adults. The main character â€Å"Hester La Negrita† played by Krystal Monique Saunders was a struggling mother of five that tried to maintain through living under a bridge in the streets. Hester, appearing poverty stricken managed to take care of her children the best of her ability with the little source of money that slowly came her way through friends and sexual escapades. Hesters’ eldest son Jabber played by Rashard Leverette was one that looked out for his mother, teaching her how to write the letter â€Å"A† which was significant throughout the play. The youngest son â€Å"Baby,† played by Eric Austin was not much of a consistent character, but on the reverse the â€Å"Baby’s† father â€Å"Reverend D.† played by Eric as well was a very manipulative man that didn’t want his congregation to find out about his sex escapades with â€Å"Hester† being her status of underprivileged. â€Å"Reverend D.† would meet with â€Å"Hester† at locals to give her money for they’re child that he tried to deny at the beginning. Hester’s stronger child â€Å"Bully† played by Chanel Porter was also on the flip â€Å"The Welfare Lady† who was sexually involved with Hester at one point to please her husband. Through the play Hester developed a pain in her stomach and would periodically visit â€Å"The Doctor† played by Lovell Desmond, his character was one that would feel and flirt with Hester. On the other hand Hester never acknowledged his passes, she would just continue to be examined. â€Å"Trouble† also played by Lovell was one of Hesters other children, the more aggressive, trouble maker. This character was presented to be a typical child of destruction. One the flip of the trouble maker child Hester’s other child â€Å"Beauty† played by Mari Andrea... Free Essays on Play Review Free Essays on Play Review The play â€Å"in the blood† opened on a note of bitter scorn through all characters except for the main. The play consisted of six characters that all but one flipped flopped from being children to adults. The main character â€Å"Hester La Negrita† played by Krystal Monique Saunders was a struggling mother of five that tried to maintain through living under a bridge in the streets. Hester, appearing poverty stricken managed to take care of her children the best of her ability with the little source of money that slowly came her way through friends and sexual escapades. Hesters’ eldest son Jabber played by Rashard Leverette was one that looked out for his mother, teaching her how to write the letter â€Å"A† which was significant throughout the play. The youngest son â€Å"Baby,† played by Eric Austin was not much of a consistent character, but on the reverse the â€Å"Baby’s† father â€Å"Reverend D.† played by Eric as well was a very manipulative man that didn’t want his congregation to find out about his sex escapades with â€Å"Hester† being her status of underprivileged. â€Å"Reverend D.† would meet with â€Å"Hester† at locals to give her money for they’re child that he tried to deny at the beginning. Hester’s stronger child â€Å"Bully† played by Chanel Porter was also on the flip â€Å"The Welfare Lady† who was sexually involved with Hester at one point to please her husband. Through the play Hester developed a pain in her stomach and would periodically visit â€Å"The Doctor† played by Lovell Desmond, his character was one that would feel and flirt with Hester. On the other hand Hester never acknowledged his passes, she would just continue to be examined. â€Å"Trouble† also played by Lovell was one of Hesters other children, the more aggressive, trouble maker. This character was presented to be a typical child of destruction. One the flip of the trouble maker child Hester’s other child â€Å"Beauty† played by Mari Andrea...

This Side of Paradise F. Scott Fitzgerald Quotes

'This Side of Paradise' F. Scott Fitzgerald Quotes With This Side of Paradise (his debut novel), F. Scott Fitzgerald took the literary world by storm (the first printing sold out in a matter of days). And, with the success of this work, he was able to win back Zelda (with whom he would have such a tumultuous relationship for so many years to come). The book was first published in 1920. Here are a few quotes. This Side of Paradise Quotes From Book 1 She had once been a Catholic, but discovering that priests were infinitely more attentive when she was in process of losing or regaining faith in Mother Church, she maintained an enchantingly wavering attitude. Book 1, Ch 1 They slipped briskly into an intimacy from which they never recovered. Book 1, Ch 1 He wanted to kiss her, kiss her a lot, because then he knew he could leave in the morning and not care. On the contrary, if he didnt kiss her, it would worry him.... It would interfere vaguely with his idea of himself as a conqueror. It wasnt dignified to come off second best, pleading, with a doughty warrior like Isabelle. Book 1, Ch. 3 Dont let yourself feel worthless; often through life you will really be at your worst when you seem to think best of yourself; and dont worry about losing your personality, as you persist in calling it; at fifteen you had the radiance of early morning, at twenty you will begin to have the melancholy brilliance of the moon, and when you are my age you will give out, as I do, the genial golden warmth of 4 P.M. Book 1, Ch. 3 Never walk near the bed; to a ghost, your ankle is your most vulnerable partonce in bed, youre safe; he may lie around under the bed all night, but youre safe as daylight. If you still have doubts pull the blanket over your head. Book 1, Ch. 4 This has nothing to do with will-power; thats a crazy, useless word, anyway; you lack judgment- the judgment to decide at once when you know your imagination will play you false, given half a chance. Book 1, Ch. 4 Life was a damned muddle... a football game with every one off-side and the referee gotten rid of- every one claiming the referee would have been on his side... Book 1, Ch. 5 Quotes From Book 2 All life was transmitted into terms of their love, all experience, all desires, all ambitions, were nullified- their senses of humor crawled into corners to sleep; their former love-affairs seemed faintly laughable and scarcely regretted juvenalia. Book 2, Ch 1 I have your best interests at heart when I tell you not to take a step youll spend your days regretting. Its not as if your father could help you. Things have been hard for him lately and hes an old man. Youd be dependent absolutely on a dreamer, a nice, well-born boy, but a dreamer- merely clever. (She implies that this quality in itself is rather vicious.) Book 2, Ch 1 People try so hard to believe in leaders now, pitifully hard. But we no sooner get a popular reformer or politician or soldier or writer or philosopher- a Roosevelt, a Tolstoi, a Wood, a Shaw, a Nietzsche, than the cross-currents of criticism wash him away. My Lord, no man can stand prominence these days. Its the surest path to obscurity. People get sick of hearing the same name over and over. Book 2, Ch 2 I regretted my lost youth when I only envy the delights of losing it. Youth is like having a big plate of candy. Sentimentalists think they want to be in the pure, simple state they were in before they ate the candy. They dont. They just want the fun of eating it all over again. The matron doesnt want to repeat her girlhood- she wants to repeat her honeymoon. I dont want to repeat my innocence. I want the pleasure of losing it again. Book 2, Ch 5 Progress was a labyrinth ... people plunging blindly in and then rushing wildly back, shouting that they had found it ... the invisible king- the à ©lan vital- the principle of evolution ... writing a book, starting a war, founding a school... Book 2, Ch. 5 He found something that he wanted, had always wanted and always would want- not to be admired, as he had feared; not to be loved, as he had made himself believe; but to be necessary to people, to be indispensable... Book 2, Ch. 5 Life opened up in one of its amazing bursts of radiance and Amory suddenly and permanently rejected an old epigram that had been playing listlessly in his mind: Very few things matter and nothing matters very much. Book 2, Ch. 5 Modern life... changes no longer century by century, but year by year, ten times faster than it ever has before- populations doubling, civilizations unified more closely with other civilizations, economic interdependence, racial questions, and- were dawdling along. My idea is that weve got to go very much faster. Book 2, Ch. 5 Im restless. My whole generation is restless. Im sick of a system where the richest man gets the most beautiful girl if he wants her, where the artist without an income has to sell his talents to a button manufacturer. Even if I had no talents Id not be content to work ten years, condemned either to celibacy or a furtive indulgence, to give some mans son an automobile. Book 2, Ch. 5 As an endless dream it went on; the spirit of the past brooding over a new generation, the chosen youth from the muddled, unchastened world, still fed romantically on the mistakes and half-forgotten dreams of dead statesmen and poets. Here was a new generation, shouting the old cries, learning the old creeds, through a revery of long days and nights; destined finally to go out into that dirty gray turmoil to follow love and pride; a new generation dedicated more than the last to the fear of poverty and the worship of success; grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken.... Book 2, Ch. 5

Kinsey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kinsey - Essay Example Many couples practice a number of techniques while having sex. The techniques are beyond the traditional style that captures the male in the superior position. It is crucial for the learning institutions to advise students regarding the safer sex, as well as, contraception. As indicated in the movie, the sex behavior of the Americans has changed remarkably. Homosexuality is no more a rare deviation of the sexual life. The same-sex marriages are common, and a number of states in the American have legalized homosexual matrimonies. In this respect, homosexuality has been decriminalized, and same-sex marriage in no more against the law in notable states. It is thus important to talk about human sexuality and incorporate the realities of homosexuality and other aspects of the sexual life. As evident in the scene that captures Kinsey giving an introductory lecture on human sexuality, learning institutions should have programs that present the correct statistics of the issues surrounding sexual behavior. Whatever the Americans do with their sex life is an important avenue in which researchers and learning institutions can examine in order to advance the knowledge about the human sexual

Separation of Complex Cations of Chromium(III) by Ion Exchange Essay

Separation of Complex Cations of Chromium(III) by Ion Exchange Chromatography - Essay Example Water soluble compounds of Chromium III do not occur naturally and are unstable in the environment (Nriagu & Nieboer, 1988 p68). Different oxides of chromium oxide are also used as pigments. Cation exchange chromatography can be used to separate different chromium III complexes into their pure forms. The most common complexes are chromium III and IV which exist at different ionisation states. Chromium III is a cation and IV is an anion. Chromium VI is toxic to humans (Vincent, 2011 p101). The separation of these complexes is based on their different ionisation states which are the principles behind ion exchange chromatography. The use of UV-Vis as analytical tools is essential in determining the value of 10q of elements. The coupled use of these diagrams and spectroscopic information enables someone to correctly calculate the electromagnetic absorption of metal compounds and how the crystal fields split energy or 10Dq (Kettle, 2008 p69). 3. Chromium solutions are then prepared that will be used throughout the experiment. At this stage, progress should immediately be made towards separation of trans-‑[CrCl2(H2O)4]+, [CrCl(H2O)5]2+ and [Cr(H2O)6]3+ after which their spectrums are measured between wavelengths 350 nm and 750 nm immediately after their collection (Beran, 2010 p200). 4. The final step involves the estimation of relative crystal field strength for Cl- and H2O. Two bands are observed in the region of 350nm and 750nm with the longest wavelength band having energy equal to 10Dq or the octahedral Crystal field splitting energy for the complex ion. Chromium III compounds have bands that are easy to interpret and they exist either in an excited state which has higher energy than the ground state which has less energy but more stable. The values of 10Dq are shown to decrease with the increasing charge of a neighbouring anion and the decreasing number of coordinating anions (Crabtree, 2011

Philosophy of Counseling Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Counseling Essay The purpose of the school counseling program is to guarantee academic, social, and professional success among all students. School counseling is s collaborative relationship between students, school counselors, teachers, parents, administrators, and the community. Through these partnerships, the counseling program will develop a support system to enhance student achievement and promote growth of future productive citizens. The role of the school counselor is very active. School counselors must be an assertive advocate by creating opportunities for all students to foster their dreams and achieve their goals. A dedicated counselor plays a major role in the school through research, data, collaboration, individual counseling, group counseling, career planning, and caring for the students overall well being. The school counselor serves as a leader and team member; working with parents and school personnel to make sure that each student succeeds. Human nature can be viewed as all individuals are considered equally good. People are creatures of habit and learn from their cultural upbringings and the ones around them. Now days, students deal with poverty, single-parent households, thoughts of suicide, neglect, abuse and so much more. In this complex society, it is necessary to provide learning experiences which will empower the child to overcome life challenges and set achievable goals. Goals can be reached by change. I feel an individual can change through awareness and influence. Students have to want to change and be aware that there is a need for change. The role of the professional school counselor is to support and influence the student. Change is achievable by tracking data and giving constructive feedback. The counselor will assist student in their academic, social, emotional and personal change and help to decide the best ways to successfully achieve their goals. Disaggregating data is the foundation for the school counseling program. The use of these resources will track student progress and provide evidence for growth. Data also helps the school counselor understand what is and is not working in the counseling program. If a student is not successful then we are not providing the correct interventions for that particular student. The changing needs of students, families and schools require professional school counselors who are current with new counseling programs. These programs must focus of students academic, career, and personal/ social needs. I feel as society changes that the students are setting the new goals for the counseling program. It is essential for the school counselor to foster and set realistic achievable goals for the student.

Tone and Irony in Oedipus Rex :: essays research papers

Besides for being an entertaining play, Oedipus Rex, is also an incredibly in-depth and insightful piece of literature. Sophocles does an outstanding job of bringing the play to another level, making the reader delve deep into the. Sophocles uses literary devices such as irony and tone to enhance the story. Tone and irony are constant throughout the play, and used well to develop the characters. From the beginning we know a lot about Oedipus, mostly from previous knowledge in previous plays. It is known that he was a hero and the leader of many people. In this novel it is clear from an early point that the city is once again in trouble and Oedipus’s help is again required. At first he seems very honest and sincere about helping his people but as time goes on we see a different side of Oedipus. When Teiresias first meets Oedipus is a perfect example. At the beginning of their encounter Oedipus seems to be more concerned with his people and fixing the plague, but as soon as Teiresias brings up the notion that Oedipus has anything to do with it he immediately becomes very defensive and aggravated. We quickly learn that Oedipus is more concerned with himself than with his people. After the discussion with Teiresias, Oedipus plays the murder off on his friend, Creon. This is another example of Oedipus being more concerned with himself than the people around him. Oedipus of ten questions his past or other people about his past. He is unsure about himself and often seems troubled and short tempered. Tone is a huge part of the play and especially Oedipus. Another literary device used in the play is Irony. In Oedipus Rex, dramatic irony is often present in Oedipus’ long speeches. Oedipus constantly sees things incorrectly, and is in denial that he has, in fact, killed his father and married his mother. This is first apparent when he demands the death of the man who killed Laius. Oedipus calls the man who did this an evil murder. Oedipus assumes that, as he became a citizen of Thebes after the murder, though he did kill someone, he is ruled out Laius. In another speech, Oedipus accuses Creon of setting him up in order to get the throne, by framing him as the murderer. At this point, Oedipus proves that he has no feelings for his friends and it shows his true colors.

In this report I will start by exploring Essay

In this report I will start by exploring the history of the Computerised Tomography (CT) scanner and the technological advances which have made this type of medical imaging one of the most successful in its field. In addition, I will give a detailed explanation of the physics used to generate and manipulate a three-dimensional image. These images are used by physicians to diagnose cancers and vascular diseases or identify other injuries within the skeletal system, which can cause millions of deaths each year. This area of research has been chosen because I plan to enter the world of medicine in the next academic year. Medicine is constantly changing and developing. Cost containment and limitations reimbursed for high-tech studies such as CT and Magnetic Resonance imagining (MRI) are part of the future for the health care system. For CT to grow, or at least survive, it must provide more information than other imaging modalities in a cost-effective, time-efficient manner and at this present time it is able to achieve its aim. History: Computed Tomography (CT) imaging is also known as â€Å"CAT scanning† (Computed Axial Tomography). Tomography is from the Greek words â€Å"tomos† meaning â€Å"slice† and â€Å"graphia† meaning â€Å"describing†. The first CT scanner was invented in Britain by the EMI Medical Laboratories in 1973 and was designed by the engineer Godfrey N Hounsfield. Hounsfield was later awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his contributions to medicine and science. Figure 1. 0 (below left) show the first ever CT scanner produced, with its designer Hounsfield: Foster E. (1993) and Imaginis. com state that: â€Å"the first clinical CT scanners were installed between 1974 and 1976. † The original systems were dedicated to head imaging only, but â€Å"whole body† systems with larger patient openings became available in 1976. CT became widely available by about 1980. According to Imaginis. com, at this present time there are approximately 6,000 CT scanners in the United States and about 30,000 worldwide. However, it should be noted that many third-world counties do not have the financial capability to purchase CT scanners and as a result do not posses them. The first consignment of CT scanners developed by the EMI took several hours to acquire the data for a single scan. In addition, it would take days to reconstruct a single image from this raw data. Bell J.(2006), suggest that modern CT scanners can collect up to 4 slices of data in about 350ms and reconstruct a 512 x 512 matrix from millions of data in less than a second. Since its development 36 years ago CT has made advances in speed, patient comfort and resolution . A bigger volume can be scanned in less time and artefacts can be reduced as faster scans can eliminate faults caused from patient motion. Another advance took place in 1987. Bushong C. S (2004) suggests that, in the original CT scanners the x-ray power was transferred to the x-ray tube by high voltage cable; however modern CT scanners use the principle of slip ring. This is explained in more detail under ‘advances’. Figure 1. 1 (below right) shows what a modern CT scanner looks like. CT examinations are now quicker as well as being more patient-friendly. Much research has been undertaken in this field, which as a result has led to the development of high-resolution imaging for diagnostic purposes. In addition, the research has also reduced the risk of radiation by being able to provide good images at the lowest possible x-ray dose. Principles and Components of CT: CT scanners are based on the x-ray principle; x-rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves which are able to pass through the body. Roberts P. D (1990) states, that as they are absorbed or attenuated at different levels, they are able to create a matrix of differing strength. In x-ray machines this matrix is registered on film, whereas in the case of CT the film is replaced by detectors which measure the strength of x-ray. To understand how a CT scanner works in more detail, I shall start by looking at the equipment used. Firstly, we must analyse the basic components which make a CT scanner work. These are the gantry, operating console and a computer. Figure 1. 2 shows the order in which the information passes. Figure 1.2 shows only basic components; other components will be explained later in the course of this report. Arguably, the most important part of a CT scanner is the gantry. Gantry: According to Foster E (1993) and Impactscan. org, the gantry consists of an x-ray source. Opposite the x-ray source, on the other side of the gantry, is an x-ray detector. During a scan a patient will lie on a table which slides into the centre of the gantry until the part of the body to be scanned is between the x-ray source and detector. The x-ray machine and x-ray detector both rotate around the patient’s body, remaining opposite each other. As they rotate around, the x-ray machine emits thin beams of x-rays through the patient’s body and into the x-ray detector. Figure 1. 3 shows the inside of a gantry. The detectors detect the strength of the x-ray beam that has passed through the body. The denser the tissues, the less x-rays pass through. The x-ray detectors feed this information into a computer as shown is Figure 1. 3. Different types of tissue with different densities show up in a picture on the computer monitor as different colours or shades of grey. Therefore, an image is created by the computer of a ‘slice’ (cross- section) of a thin section of a body. Before advancing any further we must understand the physics behind this process. X-ray tube: The X-ray tube inside the gantry (figure 1. 4) produces the X-ray beams by converting electrical energy into an electromagnetic wave. Graham T. D (1996) and Bbc. co. uk/dna/h2g2 suggest that, this is achieved by accelerating electrons from an electrically negative cathode towards a positive anode. As the electrons hit the target they are decelerated quickly, causing them to lose energy which is converted into heat energy and X-rays. The anode and cathode form a circuit which is completed by the flow of electrons through the vacuum of the tube. The basic layout of an X-ray tube is shown below (figure 1. 4). Figure 1. 4 shows that a high voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode. This very high potential is supplied by a high-voltage generator. The high voltage is the provider of the electrical energy needed for conversion and thus production of X-ray beams. A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The process is based on the relationship between magnetism and electricity. In 1831, Faraday discovered that when a magnet is moved inside a coil of wire, electrical current flows in the wire. Three-phase Generator: Three-phase generators are typical of CT scanners. Ogborn J. (2001) and koehler. me. uk, state that this process can be thought of as three phase AC generators combined into one. The poles of the permanent rotating armature magnet swing past each of the non-permanent stator magnets. This induces an oscillating voltage across each of the three coils. Figure 1. 5 shows a three phase generator. As we can see from figure 1. 5, each of the three coils has a wire leading from it. These three wires join together to form the purple wire that leads to the purple terminal see from figure 1. 5 As the three separate coils are arranged 120i apart, the oscillations of each of these are 120i out phase. This means the purple (or neutral) wire can be quite thin since the different phases add up to approximately zero. The potential difference generated needs to be high; high potential difference has a number of advantages in CT scanners. High potential difference reduces bone attenuation (greater penetration) allowing wider range of image (larger grey scale as bone is not merely white as on normal x-ray- (this will be explained later). In addition, the higher the radiation intensity at the detectors in the gantry, the better the information acquired. Gantry: The Collimator: In this section we shall look at the gantry (figure 1. 3) in more detail. Figure 1. 6 shows a diagrammatic representation of the inside of a gantry. According to Foster E (1993), inside the gantry is a beam restrictor called, collimator. Beam restrictors are lead obstacles placed near to the anode of the X-ray tube (figure 1. 4) and are used to control the width of the X-ray beam allowed to pass through the patient. Beam restrictors are needed as they keep patient exposure to a minimum and also reduce scattered rays. This is very important as X-rays are produced by a centre spot on the anode; they are not all produced at the same point. In addition, restrictors also maintain beam width travelling through the patient, which as a result affects the image quality (stronger beam means better image). The most effective form of a beam restrictor is a collimator. This is situated in front of the X-ray tube and consists of two sets of four sliding lead shutters which move independently to restrict the beam. The Filters: By looking at figure 1. 6 we can see another apparatus positioned between the collimator and the X-ray tube. This is the filter and its job is to remove the long wavelength X-rays produced from the X-ray tube. Impactscan. org suggests that, the X-ray tube produces radiation which consists of long and short wavelengths. However, the filter removes long wavelength radiation as this does not play a role in CT image formation, but increases patient dose. We know that long wavelength radiation is less energetic, and as a result passes through the body and cannot be detected.    Furthermore, a person who is very large may not fit into the opening of a conventional CT scanner or may be over the weight limit for the moving table. This could possibly be the next technological advancement in CT scanners. Advantages: The main advantage of CTs is that a short scan time of 600 milliseconds to a few seconds can be used for all anatomic part of the body. This is a big advantage especially for people who are claustrophobic. In addition, it is painless, non-invasive and accurate. As CT scans are fast and simple, in emergency cases they can reveal internal injuries and bleeding quickly enough to help save lives. Also, in this period of economic recession the CT has shown to be cost-effective imaging tool for a wide range of clinical problems. Comparing CT to its competitors the MRI scan, CT is less sensitive to patient movement and can be performed even if the patient has an implanted medical device, unlike MRI. At the present time the CT scanner is superior to the MRI scanner. MRIs are bigger machines, with much more sensitive electronics in addition to requiring bigger support structures to operate them. To sum that all up- MRI machines cost more and this could be the underlying reason that CT are used more than MRI scans. Finally, a diagnosis determined by CT scanning may eliminate the need for exploratory surgery. Risks: The main risk of CT is the chance of cancer from exposure to radiation. The radiation ionises the body cells which mutate when they replicate and form a tumour. However, the benefits of an accurate diagnosis outweigh the risks. In our recent study of ionisation radiation we have learned about the unit of Sievert. Radiologyinfo. org states that a radiation dose from this procedure ranges from 2 to 5 mSV, which is approximately the same as the background radiation received in 4 years. The main risk of CT scanner is cancer; however this is only if they are used excessively. Research for the New Scientist suggests that the risk is very small and the benefits greatly weight it. Summary: In this report I started by looking at the history behind the CT scan and how this medical imaging has taken the science world by storm. I then explained the basic principles behind the scanner. As understanding of these principles grew, we were then led into the physics and a more in depth explanation. The different components of the CT were explained in detail such as the three-phase generator and how an x-ray tube works. This links in with our recent study of physics. During the report we were also able to understand how slip ring and thus helical scanning has proven to be a major advance is this field. Once again, the physics behind this was explained in some detail. The report concluded by looking at the various applications, advantages and risks. The medical imaging world is constantly changing and improving like any field of medicine. Companies are always trying to produce imaging machines which are faster, more accurate, more economical and present less risk to the patient. Therefore, the life span of the CT scanner could be limited with its competitors waiting to emerge in the background. The information in this report is very factual and accurate. I used a variety of sources to obtain the information. Most of the information in this coursework is attained from universities and radiology books. In addition, well-known articles were used from the monthly radiology magazine, ‘Synergy’ as well as information from the ‘New Scientist’ and ‘Nature’. Synergy is the biggest radiography magazine in the UK, which makes me believe that the information obtained it accurate. In addition, ‘New Scientist’ and ‘Nature’ are well established titles which more often than not provide accurate information. The websites I used are all recommended by The University of Hertfordshire to its undergraduates in radiography. This means they are also reliable sources of information. In addition, I also used a number of well recognised radiology books. By using different sources of information, I was able to eliminate any bias or inaccurate information provided in some sources. To sum up, I believe the information provided is accurate and reliable. Bibliography: Book References > Allday J, Adams S (2000) Advanced Physics. Oxford University Press > Ball J, More D. A (2006) Essential Physics for Radiographers. Blackwell Publishing > Bushong C. S (2004) Radiologic Science for Technologist. Mosby Inc > Duncan T, (1987) Physics; A Textbook for Advanced Level Students. John Murray > Elliott A, McCormick A (2004) Health Physics. Cambridge University Press > Foster E (1993) Equipment for Diagnostic Radiographer. MTP Press Limited > Graham T. D (1996) Principles of Radiological Physics. Churchill Livingstone. > Ogborn et al (2000) Advancing Physics A2. Institute of Physics > Roberts P. D, Smith L. N (1990) Radiographic Imaging. Churchill Livingstone > Thompson C, Wakeling J (2003) AS Level Physics. Coordinate Group Publication. On Line References > Figure 1. 0 obtained from, www. catscanman. net > Figure 1. 1 obtained from, www. mh. org. au > Figure 1. 3 and Figure 1. 4 obtained from, www. impactscan. org/slides > Figure 1. 5 obtained from, www. koehler. me. uk > Figure 1. 6 and Figure 1. 7 obtained from www. impactscan. org/slides > Figure 1. 8 obtained from, www. itnonline. net. > Figure 1. 9 and Figure 2. 0 obtained from www. sprawls. org/resources > Figure 2. 1 obtained from, www. csmc. edu > Figure 2. 2 and Figure 2. 3 obtained from, www. sprawls. org/resources > Figure 2. 4, Figure 2. 5 and Figure 2. 6 obtained from www. impactscan. org/slides > www. radiologyinfo. org (25 February 2009) > www. imaginis. com/ct-scan/ (12 March 2009) > www. bbc. co. uk/dna/h2g2 (15 February 2009) > www. impactscan. org/slides (12 March 2009) > www. sprawls. org/resources (14 March 2009) Other References > Synergy Magazine > New Scientist Magazine > Nature Magazine.

Gender Inequalities in the Workplace Essay

Describe and analyse gender inequalities in the workplace? ’ Gender inequalities in the workplace have been an ongoing issue for many years, which has mainly been central to women in the workplace, as senior management has prioritised men over women. This has made it very difficult for women to work their way up to management as women are considered to be incompetent compared to the men in the workplace. The wage gap between men and women has raised much debate, as men are generally more likely to get paid more than women. There has been much confusion that sex and gender are the same but actually there is a vast difference between the two concepts as gender is the social, cultural and psychological difference between a male and female. Where as sex is refereed to the biology of a individual in other terms the sex that an individual is born for example a male or female. Gender socialisation is a key aspect to understand the differences between men and women as the way society portrays them is very different. http://www. msu. edu/user/yarbrou7). Gender inequality is highlighted in the status that men and women have in society as men are considered to have better jobs, which then leads men becoming wealthier then women. The primary social institutions where gender inequalities occur is in educational systems, family life and the workplace. Gender has been considered an unlimited dimension that has been based on the different status of men and women, which has been inn effect for decades. However the feminist movement in the 1960’s established resurrection by studying gender issues, which highlighted that inequalities towards women have been in place in the social system of society as men are considered to be the breadwinners and women, should be housewives and mothers. (http://www. msu. edu/user/yarbrou7/) . Cultural inequalities consisted of women not being able to vote, achieve a higher level education and have the ability to own their own property as men were since to be responsible for the wellbeing of a woman. In relation the era of the seventies brought with it assured rights that allowed women to vote for the first time, which made women feel that they did have existence in the society that they live in. Voting rights brought women a sense of existence but inequalities still remained in the social institutions that have been developed to make individuals independent in society. These inequalities are still existent in salaries and employment in the 21st century. In the workplace there have been various types of gender inequalities that have affected each post an individual has been allocated by an employer. As women are becoming more educated their has been a rapid increase in the amount of women that are professionals in the workplace as a result educated women are still being under paid as men are considered to be more competent workers. In manual workplaces unions are considered the primary means for women to take control over what actions should be placed in order to change the working environment as a majority of women are generally underpaid in manual industries. (http://www. eldis. org/static/DOC12479. htm) In the workplace there are various formations of gender inequalities that are in affect, which have been highlighted in the wage gap between men and women who are employed in the same workplace, job security for men is in affect initially as they are told by there senior where as for women they are required to prove that there purpose in the workplace has added to the effective run of the entire department as well as the whole organisation. Men further have the ability to achieve alternative employment more conveniently as women have the added pressure of domestic duties in the home that includes child rearing. http://www. eldis. org/static/DOC12479. htm) Sexual exploitation and violence towards women has occurred for years, which has mainly been initiated by senior management as they generally feel that they have the authority and dominance to over power women. In order for men to maintain and understand that it is vital to under go change in terms of women being treated as equals j ust as men are a number of issues need to be considered by men both in the workplace and in the (home. http://www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0763170. tml) Men need to understand that the domestic duties around the home need to be divided so those women have the ability to go out and make a career for themselves just as men do. Men being able to keep their masculinity is an important factor of being a man as many men feel that when their wives go out to work they have lost there purpose as being the man of the house as women as just as capable of carrying out the same responsibilities in the workplace as men, which can be very threatening for a majority of men. Social stigma has influenced the fact that men are afraid of being undermined by a women but can be acceptable by a fellow male colleague. Furthermore men should accept and adapt to equality in the workplace as a result of much of the work load can be shared as well as new ideas can be generated that the male colleagues may not have explored. The advantages of women becoming equal in the workplace can generate a better standard of living for men as the pressure for men being the sole breadwinner can be shared along with sharing the duties in the workplace. This will encourage a better atmosphere in the workplace as the male colleagues will have less pressure to produce certain tasks by a given deadline as women are able to help with the performance and outcome of the task. The importance of women sharing the workload allows men to be more active fathers, as they will have the time and energy to spend with their children rather then having women playing an active part in the child’s life. The functionalist perspective on gender inequalities are evident as Talcott Parsons suggests that in order for socialisation to be clear it is important that individuals are able to have a supportive and stable family as Parsons believes that the family life is the most precise and effective way for individuals to understand sexual divisions that occur in social institutions home. (http://www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0763170. tml) This suggests that sociologists are more concerned in the way society segregates men and women to explain why gender inequalities occur and how changes can be made in order to make society a institute that is bases on each individual being treated equal regardless of age, sex or gender. Gender wage gap highlights the significant difference in salary that women get compared to men. It has been estimated that on average women earn 23. % less than men do. This figure highlights that majority of employers value the role and exist of the male workers which are indicated in the salary that they take home each month, where as women are paid less regardless of the time and energy that they put in the workplace. Stockyard and Johnson (1992:32) have both recognised that there are significant differences in wages between men and women although both sexes carry out full time jobs. In 987, the average wage for a male in America was $28,313 where as the wage for women was $18,531, which works out to be approximately 65% of a male workers wages. Stockyard and Johnson have indicated that ‘lower pay does not represent lower qualifications than men have or employment in areas that require less education’. This suggests that education is the key to a better-paid job not the fact that gender affects the amount of wages an individual is entitled to. Grint (1994:203) suggests that the main reason to why women are treated unequally is dependent on the class position of their husband as the ‘higher the class of the male the higher the class of the female’. This suggests that if a woman has a husband or a partner of a higher social class then the women is more likely to be respected by society, where as if a woman is from a lower social class then the women is most likely to be treated unequally. Gamarnikow, Morgan, Purvis and Taylorson (1983:99), in relation have highlighted the fact that ‘working class women’s oppression as inextricably linked with their exploitation as workers’. This suggests that working class women are vulnerable in the workplace as they have no choice but to expect the conditions of work as the value of the money they are getting is too valuable to give up although they are being exploited. Furthermore, employers are able to target individuals to exploit in the workplace in relation to wages and hour of work. Siltanen (1994:120), has further highlighted that ‘men work most commonly in higher grade occupations’, which suggests that women are ‘less likely to be near the top of occupational ladders’. Gamarnikow, Morgan, Purvis and Taylorson (1983:101). The disadvantages of what has been indicated by Siltanen (1994), is that employers have recognised that women are less likely to apply or be nominated for promotion, where as male colleagues are favoured over women even through many of the women have the same level of experience and education as the male colleagues in the workplace. This has provided to be discrimination towards women, which in many cases can result in women having a low self-esteem. It has been noted by Jacobs (1995) that generally women in the workplace are more likely to be more experienced than men. However, as women have numerous domestic duties in the home such as child rearing it makes it much more difficult for women to continue a career as well as weighing the responsibilities in the home. This factor is the primary factor that effects the position of women in the workplace. Arber and Ginn (Grint, K, 1991) have noted that gender inequality has been predominantly initiated by cultural norms which have been adapted in the work and domestic sphere. The domestic sphere has been commonly associated with the women being the secondary breadwinner who are defiantly likely to give up work in order to provide a stable environment for their children, as the fathers are predominantly the primary breadwinners. Where as work sphere is mainly cultural, which is associated with work responsibilities that have hindered women to develop themselves adequately. In conclusion, the analysis that has been researched to determine gender inequalities in the workplace highlight that the gender wage gap is a primary problem which women have been facing for a number of years. Although society today portrays men and women to be equal there are still inequalities that exist within the workplace. Examples of such inequalities are that women at work are the ones who appear to be weak, when in actual facts women have been seen to be extremely strong in the workplace. In my opinion I believe that inequalities in the workplace are still existence but are gradually dying down. However, it is also dependent on the type of employment that men are women are involved in which effects the inequalities that arise in the workplace.

Chinese art of the Ching peri essays

Chinese art of the Ch'ing peri essays From the earliest awakenings of Chinese civilization, the Chinese have sought out what they believe to be spiritual perfection. This numinous sense of flawlessness existed within the people themselves, in nature, and between the two as well. Art has always been a common means for the Chinese to achieve such inner tranquility and peace. In their art, they stressed the dignified qualities of serenity, grace, and balance. They avoided confusion, conflict, and all violent emotions no matter what the price. Unsettling or revolutionary forms of experimental art were not welcome even to this day. On the other hand, expressing nobility and inner-worth was considered a necessity. It has been rightfully stated that Chinese art is not just a hobby. It is ultimately a way of being . To appreciate the significance of art fully, we must keep in mind a commandment of Confucius: Raise yourself to the beautiful. The Ching period, also referred to as the Manchu period was an extremely active one for the arts. It was an age of research, preservation of ancient texts, and the collecting of bronzes and paintings. There was no great change in the manner of painting after the fall of the Ming. A variety of styles for painters to follow already existed. Many painters varied their own personal style by combining those styles which preceded them. However, the most renowned Ching painters relied on their own ingenuity to create styles that even the weight of tradition could not suffocate. During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, most artists followed the examples of Tung Chi-chang. He believed in not just reproducing natures outer appearance, but expressing his own inner feelings on the subject at hand. The Ching painters studied the old masters, as Tung Chi-chang suggested to them, in order to discover their technical secrets. Later they learned to us ...

Statement of purpose essay

Statement of purpose essay Statement of purpose essay A statement of purpose essay is exactly what it claims to be-a statement of your purpose in life. What is it that you want to achieve by choosing a particular course or college? And how will this help you to fulfill your purpose? Before starting to write a statement of purpose essay it is essential for you to do some soul searching. What kind of a person are you? Are you driven by a strong drive to help the poor and needy? Then this would be an adequate reason for looking for admission in to a social work course. Also, you can read:http://.com/blog/law-school-personal-statement Short is sweet The golden rule is that if you can say it in six words, dont use twenty. Ensure that what you say is relevant and interesting. If it is not-dont say it-this is one time when silence really proves golden. Tips for success Write on an aspect of life that you have knowledge and interest in. Enjoyment while writing ensures reading enjoyment. If you are a practical down to earth person-use your power of observation to reinforce your central point. If you are more bent towards the why of things then look at the esoteric aspects Make your writing style unique and gripping. Do not repeat points or incidents as this can bore the reader who will quickly loose interest Illustrate your statement of purpose essaywith your past experience and achievements that have left you better equipped to fulfill your goal in life. Examine how future plans and long term goals will get realized if you are given a chance in your chosen college. Motivate the admissions committee to read through your statement of purpose essayby weaving a human interest story around it. Mention specific incidents in which you made a difference. Do not just list your qualities without narrating what helped you to discover your purpose in life. Ensure that your statement of purpose essay has a proper structure with the introductory paragraph stating your purpose and following paragraphs highlighting the logical steps you undertook to reaffirm your purpose. The concluding paragraph should leave the admissions committee feeling that you are the logical choice for admission. Ensure that your statement of purpose essay sounds enthusiastic and positive. Do this by zeroing in on your winning qualities and playing down your negative points. Additional topics: Informative Essay Writing Drama Coursework Help Media Studies Coursework Case Study Analysis Critical Thinking Essay

Negotiating Strategy on XYZ Airport Services Essay

Negotiating Strategy on XYZ Airport Services - Essay Example Under this stage, XYZ should get to know the other party (Airport Authority) by initially setting an appointment. Before making any attempt to establish a wide-range of the settlement with the Airport Authority, the top management of XYZ should carefully plan on some strategies that could enable both parties to come up with a win-win situation or conduct negotiations on neutral ground (Guirdham 2002, pp. 400 – 404). Since negotiation process is dynamic by nature, Shell (2001) suggests the need to be careful when choosing the best bargaining style. In line with this, negotiator such as in the case of XYZ company should consider not only the culture but also the personality of the people behind the Airport Authority. For instance: The personality of the people behind the Airport Authority is outgoing. Therefore, it is necessary on the part of XYZ company to satisfy the personality, needs and wants of the people behind the Airport Authority. Since most of them are outgoing people, XYZ management should invite and treat these people to have lunch or dinner as a group meeting or play golf while discussing the issue involved. This strategy will enable XYZ management to easily win the trust and sympathy of the people behind Airport Authority. Becoming familiar with the entry phase of negotiation is a crucial factor that determines whether or not the outcome of a given negotiation process can be successful. Right timing is very important in the negotiation process. As explained by Zartmann (2002) and Rubin (1989), the process of knowing the phases of negotiation could somehow enable the negotiator to know whether or not it is the right time to begin the pre-negotiation stage, the formal negotiation stage which normally takes place after the preparation stage, and ends the bargaining process which is the post-negotiation stage.

Stromatic migmatites Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stromatic migmatites - Term Paper Example evidence suggests that the stromatic coarse-grained rocks are formed by most of the fluid-present accompanied by equilibrium melting of the dioritic gneiss and by a crystallization dominated feldspar. Partial melting in the middle to lower crust may take place in response to dehydration of hydrous minerals such as muscovite, biotite, and amphibole or influx of externally derived hydrous fluids. (Mehnert, 1998) Geochemical evidence suggests that the melts may undergo a process leading to formation of various indigenous rocks, either  in situ  or while migrating from the site of melting  hence migmatites will form in regions of high structural forces, thickened crust and a number of field and experimental studies have indicated a significant potential for melt migration during deformation.   Despite several recent studies regarding the structure and formation of stromatic migmatites, a number of questions regarding the origin of these rocks remain unanswered. These unresolved issues include the role of fluid during partial melting i.e. whether the abundant coarse-grained rocks represent  in situ  or externally derived melts, the extent to which coarse-grained rocks compositions were modified by fractionation, and the possible relationships between melting, melt migration and the forces due to their origin. (Raymond, 2002) The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of data from both the origin and chemical composition in an attempt to explain the geological structure of stromatic migmatites and thereby contribute to a better understanding of the causes and consequences of partial melting and other large collisional forces resulting in the formation of these structures. The two types of migmatites i.e. stromatic and patch migmatite are distinguished based on the morphology of the constituent grains and type of host rock. Stromatic migmatites are typically light grey, quartz monzodioritic to greenish gray- pinkish gray coarse-grained rocks while patch

Human Resource Management in a Business Context Essay - 2

Human Resource Management in a Business Context - Essay Example claim strategic HRM as organizational systems that use people as a means to achieve sustainable competitive advantage (Snell et al., 1996). Nevertheless, almost all theorists agree on the fact that strategic HRM involves the achievement of a strategic fit between business strategy and HR strategy. For instance, rather than waiting for the employee to design and find his/her replacement, managers now proactively get involved in strategic planning to determine the staffing needs of organizations and conduct recruitment and selection accordingly. This has given way to the matching model whereby HR strategy flows out of the business strategy. The â€Å"fit† perspective has been widely acknowledged in HRM literature with the claim that the HR function needs to be aligned with other functions in the organization. Holistically, HR domains such as the recruitment, selection, training and development of employees are contingent on organizational goals. For instance, companies wishing to enhance their customer management would require corresponding HR practices that empower employees to ensure their satisfaction so that they may keep their customers satisfied. Furthermore, it is important to note that this â€Å"fit† may be internal or external. An external fit would require HR practices to be aligned with external environment (such as recession, outsourcing, downsizing, increased female participation), whereas, an internal fit would require the HR working in sync with other departments in the organization such as finance, IT, marketing etc. In the contemporary world, however, an â€Å"internal† fit is alm ost always assumed with HR of most organizations. It is the â€Å"external† fit that is gaining momentum owing to globalization and the volatile environment. Strategic HRM has evolved as a means of securing sustainable competitive advantage. This is in line with the theory of â€Å"rational choice† which claims that giving strategic

Operations Strategy with focus on Growth

Operations Strategy with focus on Growth Briefly describe your understanding of the concept of Operations Strategy, its importance and its min constructs. Huge number of companies asserted that operations strategy is one of the best approaches to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Waller [5] asserted that the strategic which should relate to operations performance object is important of its operations and supply chain. Hill [4] also suggested that strategy include the perspective of both direction and implementation. Operation strategy is a long term plan which is designed to achieve its desired objectives [5]. Chase et al. [3] claimed that operations strategy is to plan a wide and complete guidelines or approaches which is the best support for companies long term goal. Chase et al. [3] also mention four levels of perspective in operations strategy including learning and growth, internal, customer and financial perspective. Slack et al. [2] addressed that operations strategy is the pattern of decisions and actions that shapes the long term vision, objective and capabilities of the operation and its contribution to overall strategy. Slack et al. [6] also point out that operations strategy should concerns four perspectives as following: (1) Top down Operation strategy is a top down reflection of what the business wants to do. (2) Bottom up Operation strategy is a bottom up activity where operations improvements cumulatively build strategy. (3) Market requirements Operations strategy involves translating market requirement into operations decisions. (4) Capabilities of operations resources Operation strategy involves exploiting the capabilities of operations resources in chosen markets. According to above, it can be concluded that operations strategy which is the way in which operations resources are developed over the long term to create sustainable competitive advantage for the business concerns investments and developments to support the order winners and qualifiers (such as on time delivery, quality conformance and price) for which it has both individual and cooperative responsibility. 2. What do you consider to be the main operations performance objectives in the context of Yo!Sushi? How these objectives reflect the structure and expectations of the companys market? How do you assess the relative importance of these objectives? Answer: An operations strategy should define operations performance objectives which will adds value for customers and contributes to competitiveness by being able to satisfy the requirements of its customers. Slack et al. [2] suggested that there are five aspects of operations performance, all of which to a greater or lesser extent will affect customer satisfaction and business competitiveness. (1) Quality: doing things right. (2) Speed: doing things fast. (3) Dependability: doing things on time. (4) Flexibility: changing what you do or how you do it. (5) Cost: doing things cheaply. Chase et al. [3] also claimed that the major competitive dimensions that form the competitive position of a company include the following: (1) Cost: make it cheap. (2) Product quality and Reliability: make it good. (3) Delivery speed: make it fast. (4) Delivery reliability: deliver it when promised. (5) Coping with changes in demand: change its volume. (6) Flexibility and new product introduction speed: change it. (7) Other product specific criteria: support it. According to above, the main operations performance objectives in the context of Yo!Sushi are quality( food and service), speed, flexibility and cost. (1) Quality Quality is very important index or part in the restaurant industry. According to the article, firstly, the quality of food must manage and control vey carefully including food standards and hygiene. Secondly, the quality of service also is a vital fact which not only relates to the person to person interaction, but also to the general cleanliness of the restaurant. In addition, in order to improve service quality, Yo!Sushi use questionnaires to make some communication and feedback from their customers. It not only let them understand their drawbacks but also found a way to make the customer a repeat visitor in the future. (2) Speed With regard to speed, food stock management is a very important part which is related to it. On one hand, if the food has sold off the belt, the same item of food will to be filled in shortly. On the other hand, if the food has not been sold off the belt in two hours, it must be discarded. To achieve the performance objective of speed not only ensure fresh of food, but also improve the restaurants service quality. (3) Flexibility Customers who want to see a variety of dishes displayed need some different and special menus to make them returning. Variety dishes include seasonal menus and meal promotions which can encourage customers expecting. (4) Cost How to make a reasonable rang of price for their food is also a critical object in Yo!Sushi. According to the article, the author mentioned that there are three different level customer groups including symbols of success, urban intelligence and welfare borderline have been eaten in the restaurant. Because of this, how to set price of meals are a vital issue in their business. There are four structure and expectations of companys market. First of all, to achieve the object of quality can create a chance of customers returning. Secondly, to achieve the object of speed not only ensure fresh of food, but also improve the restaurants service quality. Thirdly, to achieve the object of flexibility could encourage customers motivation to taste special and also make them returning. Lastly, to achieve the object of cost could create much business in many different level customers. It can be concluded from above, different operations will have different views of what each of the performance objectives actually means. In other words, the relative importance of four performance objectives above which can provide competitive advantages depends on how the business competes in its market. 3. What do you see to be the most important challenge for the company and its director? Answer: According to the article, the most important challenge for the company is how to motivate the virgin category customers and how to create the best chances of this customer returning. Virgin customers who mean the people who have not been to the restaurant before will not know how the conveyer belt system works and how to order different Japanese dishes. We can also see from the article that the most important challenge for the companys director is how to get right performance measures of the restaurants. In the article, Robin asserted that given the right set of metrics not only encourage managers performance but also servers performance outperform their current roles. There are also two main reasons why the companys director should to get right performance measures. Firstly, it will bring free up cash to invest in new opening. This reason is refer to CEOs objective which is to have over 100 restaurants open at 2011.Secondly, it will keep companys loyal band of lovers coming back for more. This reason is a vital strategy which make company sustainable operations. It can be concluded from above that if the company can motivate the virgin category customers and make them returning, it will bring much benefits for the company; if the companys director could to get right performance measures of the restaurants, it not only bring free up cash to invest in new opening but also keep companys loyal band of lovers coming back for more in the future. 4. How the identified performance objectives would impact the companys resources and processes (quality, capacity and planning)? And what your suggestions would be to the CEO in selecting measures of performance to improve the restaurants position? Compare your answer with what may be the current approach and solutions of the companys management. Answer: According to the figure1 above, Slack et al. [1] claimed that the market requirement and the operations resource perspectives on operations strategy represent two sides of a strategic equation that all operations managers have to reconcile. According to the figure2 above, Slack et al. [2] also asserted that building operations capabilities means understanding the existing resources and processes within the operation. Different product groups require different performance objective which might related to their position. In case of Yo!Sushi, quality and flexibility are the most important performance objective which should be measured more carefully. First of all, food quality and service quality are a vital index related to customers satisfaction which not only improve restaurants position but also create brand loyalty of their customers. In addition, the flexibility of food is also approach to attract customers successful. In order to identify my suggestion of performance measure, I will compare with another food restaurant called Burger king which is also set some performance objective to make their business excellent. (1) Quality Burger king not only proud the quality of its food but also focus more on their service quality [1]. Compare with Yo!Sushi, quality of food and service are an important points of its business. (2) Speed of service This is a main different between Burger king and Yo!Sushi. Burger king is type of fast food which is important in its speed of service, especially take away. Whereas, more customers of Yo!Sushi choose eat in which more focus on enjoy the process of meal than speed. (3) Flexibility Flexibility is another vital index in restaurant industry. Both Burger king and Yo!Sushi are attach importance to it. Variety meals can attract customers more success than unchanged meals. (4) Cost Burger king is not very cheapest in the fast food market [1]. As a result, how to make a reasonable rang of price which can bring more wide rang customer groups for their business is also a critical object in Burger king and Yo!Sushi. Whilst, using raw materials more effectively and avoid excessive wastage are also a method to decrease its operation cost. 5. How do you describe Yo!Sushis position in the market and the state of their operations and performance, and how do you relate it with the operations strategy the company has adopted and implemented? Answer: An operations strategy should identify the broad decisions that will help the operation achieve its objectives [2]. In general, Yo!Sushis position in the market and the state of their operations and performance are good. First of all, Yo!Sushi very care about their quality of food and service because they know it is a critical fact in restaurant industry and service industry. Secondly, in order to make variety dishes, Yo!Sushi create seasonal menus and meal promotions to encourage their customers returning. Thirdly, Yo!Sushi control their food stock management very well which related to services quality. Fourthly, in order to run their business well and improve their brand visibility, Yo!Sushi choose open restaurants in marketplace. Location selection of Yo!Sushi is also a very vital decision in their operation strategy. Fifthly, Yo!Sushi franchise the concept to overseas partners which makes Yo!Sushi from small company to multinational company. Sixthly, Yo!Sushi use questionnaire to measure restaurants performance and communicate with their customers. It not only acquires some advice from their customers, but also let them make a reasonable measure of performance. Lastly, Yo!Sushi create a new dining experience which include informal, edge and self-paced quick service eatery. In summary, it is clear that the operations strategy of Yo!Sushi is very successful. It not only reflects the businesss market requirements, but also achieve companys performance objective.

Music in Jane Austens Persuasion Essays -- Austen Persuasion Essays

Music in Jane Austen's Persuasion      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Persuasion Jane Austen tells the story of Anne, a young woman who suffers terrible losses yet does not let these losses embitter her.   But the death of her mother during Anne's youth and the loss of her true love in her early adulthood certainly leave their mark on Anne.  Ã‚   She survives with great strength of character, yet she withdraws from life.   But Anne does not withdraw alone; she takes her music with her.   Music has been called the language of the heart.   It has an enduring quality, and it can cross barriers and build bridges.   Music moves us.   Words, too, can cross barriers, build bridges, and touch our hearts; and like beautiful music, a good story is timeless.   In Persuasion, Austen uses music to define Anne's character, to show her connectedness to people or her lack of it, and to show her gradual reawakening to life and to love.    Anne's great depth of character is illustrated by her appreciation of books and music, two things that give her deep and lasting pleasure.   When confronted by Mary for being tardy in coming to her, Anne mentions that she had "a great many things" (41) to do in getting ready to leave Kellynch Hall.   Most of her preparations are for her father and Elizabeth, but when talking about preparing her own possessions to be moved, the only items she mentions specifically are her "books and music" (41).   Anne's regard for books and music is also seen as Anne compares herself to the Miss Musgroves.   The Miss Musgroves use music, but for purposes other than the purely artistic appreciation of it.   They have a "grand piano forte and a harp," but their time is not invested in playing them, but in arranging the piano and harp, along with "flower stands ... ...e pattern.   Anne, like Cinderella, is a young woman who is mistreated by her own family and who has lost her only true love because of their interference.   Yet, like a fairytale heroine, Anne triumphs over adversity and is reunited with her Prince Charming.   Austen uses the timelessness of music to develop this story. She weaves together two parallel interactions, Anne's relationship with Captain Wentworth and Anne's relationship with music, just as a musician weaves together the melody and harmony in a song.   Each of these relationships enriches and mirrors the other; they are "instrumental to the connexion" (235).   Tales of romance are tales of the heart, and Austen desires to stir our hearts.   What better way to communicate Anne's story than with music, the language of the heart.        Work Cited Austen, Jane.   Persuasion. 1818. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990.

Science and Mathematics: Al-Ghazzali, “On the Separation of Mathematic and Religion”

The selections written on mathematics and the scientific description of smallpox imparted that Islam is based on trust and faith in God and not some theory and hypothesis which can be relied upon only if it is proven through calculation, geometry, and cosmography or by logical experimentations.Because of mathematics and science, Al-Ghazzali was able to make a distinction between mathematics and religion. According to him, proving something using mathematics, when successful, will tend to eliminate religious foundations of that particular assumption.Whereas, if something is proven by religion, it does not forego or criticize mathematics. Meaning, mathematics is quantifiable and material while religious is speculative and immaterial. Believing in Islam comes from within, established because of one’s belief in God even without substantial proof.Like in smallpox, this disease is contagious with unknown cause but it has been treated and now it is considered an inactive ailment. For Al-Ghazzali, the eruption of smallpox can be compared to the problems and challenges in life. When a person is still an infant, his resistance is still weak and can be easily infected by smallpox.Meaning, he is too fragile to face life’s crises. As he grows up, he continuously learns and strengthens his faith. Along the many trials in life, he becomes strong thus when he develops into a young man, he has enough strength not to contain â€Å"smallpox.† As he matures and grows all, he becomes much wiser and with great wisdom, his values are stronger thus â€Å"smallpox† can hardly contaminate him.Focus Question #2: According to Al-Ghazzali, should mathematics and religion be separated? Why or why not?According to Al-Ghazzali, mathematics and religion should be treated separately because these two disciplines cannot be reconciled even both can explain many phenomenon in the universe. However, they do differ in their justifications since mathematics has material pr oof while that of religion is based on faith in God, thus immaterial. If an experience or fact is proven materially, it tends to condemn religion right then while religious proofs do not criticize mathematics.Central to Al-Ghazzali’s theory is that all eventualities (causes and effects) in mortal life and beyond are determined by God as expressed in religion. He despised mathematics in that those highly-educated men who professed scientific proof of things tend to forget God and the Divine Law which is evil and wicked.Moreover, Al-Ghazzali asserted that these men who bowed down to mathematics and science have lost their faith in God. As such, they praised human knowledge and capabilities without recognizing that a higher Being is there responsible for all these gifts of wisdom and intelligence.Finally, Al-Ghazzali ended with total belief in understanding through religious experience rather than approaching it intellectually as in mathematics and science. All his actions and i nferences refer to obedience and confidence in God regardless of scientific bases and calculations. For him, God should be above all earthly occurrences.Works Citedâ€Å"On the Causes of Small-Pox.† A Treatise on Small-Pox and Measles. 1848.â€Å"On the Separation of Mathematics and Religion.† The Confession of Al-Ghazzali. 1908.   

Philosophy- Locke Hume and Kafka

1. Explain how Locke and Hume view personal identity, or the â€Å"Self†. How do you see Kafka’s â€Å"Metamorphosis† as exemplifying these philosophical themes? You may choose Locke or Hume or both, or argue why you see neither of their theories as showing up in Kafka’s work. Locke’s theory of personal identity does not rely on substance to explain personal identity. Locke’s theory is person one at time two is the same person as person two at time one if and only if person one and person two are both persons and person one can remember at time two (his doing) what person two did or felt or what have you at time one.Hume’s theory of the self-held that the self is nothing but a bundle of experiences or perceptions linked by the relations of causation and resemblance; or, more accurately, that the empirically warranted idea of the self is just the idea of such a bundle. In â€Å"Metamorphosis† Kafka takes on Locke’s view of the self. Kafka illustrates that Gregor Samsa is the same person as he was when he was human even though he has changed into a bug.Kafka does this by showing that Gregor still has the same thoughts, memories, and tries to continue the same routine even though he has become a bug. Gregor stills tries to wake up and catch the train for work, he still knows how his sister, parents, and boss will act, and he still has the same feelings and emotions towards his life and the people who are in it. All of these explain go along with Locke’s view of the self verses Hume’s theory.

election of 1860 essays

election of 1860 essays By the time of the 1860 presidential election, the country was in a state of turmoil. There were profound differences in the views of citizens over the future of our nation. Many of these differences were strictly based along sectional lines. The division between North and South had never been so apparent. On May 15 1860, the Republican Party held its convention in Chicago's "Wigwam", known for its box-like structure. The front runner for the nomination was William H. Seward of New York. Surprisingly, this popular political figure was passed over for the lesser-known Abraham Lincoln of Illinois. Seward, probably the most likely candidate, believed the nomination was his to win. His standing as the odds-on favorite seemingly worked against him because he was the most susceptible to criticism. Following his loss for the U.S. Senate, Lincoln won supporters through a year-long campaign all over the North. By early 1860, numerous politicians were obligated to Lincoln for his support. Also on Lincoln's side were hard working campaign managers and supporters who were prepared to gain him votes. He emerged victorious on the third ballot. The Republican Party platform was against the westward expansion of slavery, yet opposed raids such as John Brown's Harper's Ferry incident. The party only looked to stop slavery from reaching the territories. They did not wish to end this "peculiar institution" as many called it, but rather weaken it through non-slavery economic policies. Then, they believed the South would be forced to give up on continuing slavery in years to come. These policies would focus on attracting Northeastern businessmen and Western farmers through a transcontinental railroad, a protective tariff, and a Homestead Act which would promise to give free land to settlers if they moved west. Also at the convention, Hannibal Hamlin, a former Democrat from Maine, was chosen to run with Lincoln as his vice preside...

How to Keep Fit Public Speaking Essay Example

How to Keep Fit Public Speaking Essay Example How to Keep Fit Public Speaking Essay How to Keep Fit Public Speaking Essay if you want a fit body, you have to Stay motivated, If you dont, youll eventually give up. First, The best way to keep fit should be having Exercise. It is a very important part in keep fit. It help you keeps our blood flowing which keeps your heart beating. If you having free time, you also can go in sports or gyms but If you are busy so can’t go to anywhere, you can do exercise in home also, example push up, sit up, bench and jogging is also a major exercise, you should jog at least 1 kilometer to let that fat off. Here a tips for you, If you are overweight, start with something simple like jogging 5 minutes everyday. The next week, go 10 minutes a day. Continue increasing your output until you establish a solid routine. Next, you should give your body fuel. As you become more active, youll need more food, but not just any food- you need healthy, energy-laden food thatll jump-start the next phase of your day, not weigh it down. Learn how to eat healthfully and drink more water. Normally should drink 8 to 10 glasses of water each day. And remember that you really need to avoid unhealthy snacks. Finally, you have to let your body rest enough. When youre giving your body a run for its money with varied physical activities, you also need to let it recover and renew by getting a sufficient amount of sleep. Determine how many hours of sleep you need in order to feel refreshed in the morning, then discipline yourself to wake up and go to bed at the same times on a daily basis. In conclusion, a Healthy body is very important for us, so that we have to keep our body fit so we can say goodbye to doctor and hospital. I hope you all can get some useful ways to keep body fit from my speech today. Thank you for lending your ears.